CONECTORES DE TEXTO
Los
conectores son marcas que orientan al lector en el descubrimiento de la coherencia que subyace en la estructura superficial del texto. Mediante los conectivos el escritor organiza retóricamente y lógicamente la información de sus textos. El lector, por su parte, se apoya en los conectores para descubrir con más facilidad cómo se relaciona en el texto la información nueva con la suministrada anteriormente. (DIAZ, 1987: 43).
CARACTERÍSTICAS TEXTUALES DE LOS CONECTORES (Díaz, 1987: 43)
Numerosos conectores son polisémicos: un mismo conector puede expresar diferentes relaciones en contextos lingüísticos diferentes: Una misma relación lógico-semántica se puede expresar mediante diferentes conectores, aun cuando diferentes conectores pueden expresar una misma relación semántica, no por eso son conmutables.
ADITIVOS
Agregan información al mensaje o idea escrita.
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OPOSITIVOS
Expresan relaciones de contraste entre enunciados
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CAUSATIVOS
Confirma la causa que origina esa acción o idea.
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·
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CONSECUTIVOS
Se caracterizan por indicar cual es la conclusión
que se deduce de la información previa
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COMPARATIVOS
Subrayan algún tipo de semejanza entre los
enunciados
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DE ACLARACIÓN o REFORMULATIVOS
Proporcionar claridad y / o énfasis a una idea.
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ORDENADORES
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Inicio de
discurso
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Cierre de
discurso
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Temporales
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Digresión
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· Ante todo
· Para empezar
· En principio
· Primeramente
·
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· En fin
· Por ultimo
· Finalmente
· Para resumir
· En suma
· Terminando
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· Después (de)
· Desde (que)
· Al principio
· En el comienzo
· A continuación
· Actualmente
· A partir de
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· Por cierto
· A propósito
· A todo esto
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TEXT CONNECTIVES
CONNECTIVES form the logical bridges between ideas. Words that
contribute to the cohesion of the text are the text connectives. These are
often called connectors, discourse markers or signal words. They provide the
reader with signposts indicating how the text is developing. If the writer
wants to show that a summary is coming up, for example, a phrase such as In
short …or briefly … can be used. If the text is giving a sequence of points,
these can be highlighted by the use of such words as to begin …, Secondly …, In
conclusion… Connections between your sentences may be clear to you; you can’t
count on your readers to supply those links. Remember that a paragraph should
form a single logical unit. If it doesn’t create a single idea in your readers’
minds, it’s not doing its job.
The following is a list of commonly used text
connectives: (Linking words for essays, reports, papers)
CLARIFYING
ILLUSTRATING / EXPLAINING
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SHOWING CAUSE/RESULT
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INDICATING TIME
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QUALIFYING
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COMPARING
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As a matter of fact
As revealed by
e.g.
For example
For instance
I mean
i.e.
In fact
in other words
In particular
In the case of
Namely
Or rather
Such as
That is
To be more precise
To illustrate
To say,
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Accordingly
As a result
Because
Because of this
Consequently
Due to… owing to
For that reason
Hence
In / as a consequence
In that case
Since
So
Then
Therefore
Thus
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After a while
Afterwards
At the same time
At this moment
At this point
Before that
Finally
In the end
Meanwhile
Next
Previously
Soon
Then
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Although
Apart from
As long as
Except
However
If
Unless
Yet
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A different way
As… as
As with
Compared to
Equally
In comparison with
In the same way
Just as
Like
Likewise
Not as
Similarly
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ADDING INFORMATION
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CONCESSION / CONDITION/ CONTRASTING / OPPOSITION
ADVERSATIVES
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SEQUENCING IDEAS
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EMPHASIZING
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Above all
Again
Along with
Also
And
And besides
Apart from that
As well
As well as
But also
Equally
Even
Furthermore
In addition
In the same way
Indeed
Let alone
Likewise
Moreover
Now (that)
On top of that
Provided (that)
Similarly
Too
What is more
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All the same
Alternatively
Anyhow / anyway
At least
Besides
But
Despite this
Even so
However
If not
In any case
In that case
In the other hand
Instead
Instead of
Nevertheless
On the contrary
On the other hand
On the other hand
Or
Otherwise
Still
Though
Unlike
Whereas
Yet
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A final point
After
All in all
At this point
Besides
Briefly
Finally
First of all
Firstly, first
For a start
Furthermore
Given the above
points
In addition to
In conclusion
In short
In the first place
Meanwhile
Next
Second, third,
fourth..
Then
To begin
To conclude
To get back to the
point
To start with
To summarize / to
sum up
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Above all
After all
Anyway
Besides
Especially
In particular
Indeed
Notably
Significantly
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GIVING ONE’S OWN
OPINION
According to the
text
As a result
As I see it
As we have seen
As we know from
I think that
I would say that
I wouldn’t say that
In my opinion
In my view
In short
It seems to me that
To my mind
With regard to
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Another argument is
that
As far as I am
concerned
For all these
reasons I would support the point of view
I am convinced that
I have come to the
conclusion that
I’m doubtful
whether
Is for that reason
that I think
One reason is that
Therefore I cannot
agree with
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